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The fall of the Confederacy proved traumatic for a people who fought with the belief that God was on their side. Yet, as Eugene D. Genovese writes in A Consuming Fire, Southern Christians continued to trust in the Lord's will. The churches had long defended "southern rights" and insisted upon the divine sanction for slavery, but they also warned that God was testing His people, who must bring slavery up to biblical standards or face the wrath of an angry God.
In the eyes of proslavery theorists, clerical and lay, social relations and material conditions affected the extent and pace of the spread of the Gospel and men's preparation to receive it. For proslavery spokesmen, "Christian slavery" offered the South, indeed the world, the best hope for the vital work of preparation for the Kingdom, but they acknowledged that, from a Christian point of view, the slavery practiced in the South left much to be desired. For them, the struggle to reform, or rather transform, social relations was nothing less than a struggle to justify the trust God placed in them when He sanctioned slavery.
The reform campaign of prominent ministers and church laymen featured demands to secure slave marriages and family life, repeal the laws against slave literacy, and punish cruel masters. A Consuming Fire analyzes the strength, weakness, and failure of the struggle for reform and the nature and significance of southern Christian orthodoxy and its vision of a proper social order, class structure, and race relations.
- Sales Rank: #2270253 in Books
- Brand: Brand: University of Georgia Press
- Published on: 2009-03-01
- Released on: 2009-03-01
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 8.50" h x .46" w x 5.50" l, .57 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 200 pages
- ISBN13: 9780820333441
- Condition: New
- Notes: BRAND NEW FROM PUBLISHER! 100% Satisfaction Guarantee. Tracking provided on most orders. Buy with Confidence! Millions of books sold!
From Kirkus Reviews
A lucid investigation of the ideology of pro-slavery Southerners. In this book, derived from a series of lectures delivered at Mercer University, noted historian Genovese (The Southern Front: History and Politics in the Cultural War, 1995, etc,) examines the ways in which many Southerners convinced themselves that God was on their sidewhile, of course, many Northerners held that the Lord of Hosts was with them. Clerics and church officials of many denominations had been strongly pro-Union until Lincoln's election, Genovese maintains, but most of them stood by secessionist politicians when war broke out. All ``readily acknowledged that the South was fighting to uphold slavery,'' he writes, and only when the war ended did they allow that slavery may have in fact been morally wrong. Until that time, some of the more inventive clerics sought legitimacy for slavery by appealing to biblical authority, arguing that Abraham and other key figures in the Old Testament had owned slaves without drawing down God's wrath. That God had indeed visited his anger upon the slaveholders, these clerics insisted, was simply a test of their faith as they stood firm in ``working out a great thought of Godnamely the higher Development of Humanity in its capacity for Constitutional Liberty.'' Not all Southerners, Genovese notes, shared these notions. Quoting from letters written by front-line soldiers, he shows that many of them in fact believed that their people had become corrupt thanks to slavery, and that the war itself was ``entirely at variance with the commands given for our guidance.'' After the Confederacy fell, Genovese writes, the ardent clerics turned their attention to other matters, seeing the time ``as a new era in which the white race would take up the burden of civilizing the colored races of the world.'' Genovese's careful scholarship yields another book of importance to students of the Civil War era. -- Copyright ©1998, Kirkus Associates, LP. All rights reserved.
Review
A remarkable and important contribution to southern history during its most critical period . . . Written with intellectual rigor and impressive scholarship . . . [This] book belongs on the required reading list of all seriously interested in southern history.
(Civil War Book Review)Always a superb essayist, [Genovese] develops a crisp and powerful argument about the religious strand in the pro-slavery argument, before, during, and after the war.
(Times Literary Supplement)Thoroughly researched and cogently argued . . . Gives historians of the pro- and antislavery causes much to think about.
(American Historical Review)Genovese makes a convincing, well-documented case that, although southern ministers supported the war for a slaveholding republic, they did not do so uncritically and repeatedly warned southerners that they had to conform to God's word on the treatment of their slaves if the Confederacy were to benefit from God's support and achieve victory.
(Gaines M. Foster Civil War History)Genovese has again essayed important questions that scholars need to address in more depth as they probe the many effects of the Civil War upon the South.
(Journal of Southern History)Tests the rhetoric of slave-holding as stewardship against a fearful reality many argued to reform. Both challenging and complementary to works by Drew Gilpin Faust, Mitchell Snay, and Jack P. Maddex, this book is characteristic Genovese--informative, insightful, and provocative.
(Library Journal)It should be viewed as a challenge to us all to try to understand the Old South in all its contradictory complexity, and especially to try to comprehend those southerners earnestly argued that slavery was a God-given trust.
(Southern Cultures)What seems most laudatory about Genovese is his attempt to try to see the white antebellum South in all its complexity and richness and to reaffirm the importance of religion in the region during the nineteenth century.
(H-CivWar) From the Inside Flap
The fall of the Confederacy proved traumatic for a people who fought with the belief that God was on their side. Yet, as Eugene D. Genovese writes in A Consuming Fire, Southern Christians continued to trust in the Lord's will. The churches had long defended "southern rights" and insisted upon the divine sanction for slavery, but they also warned that God was testing His people, who must bring slavery up to biblical standards or face the wrath of an angry God.
In the eyes of proslavery theorists, clerical and lay, social relations and material conditions affected the extent and pace of the spread of the Gospel and men's preparation to receive it. For proslavery spokesmen, "Christian slavery" offered the South, indeed the world, the best hope for the vital work of preparation for the Kingdom, but they acknowledged that, from a Christian point of view, the slavery practiced in the South left much to be desired. For them, the struggle to reform, or rather transform, social relations was nothing less than a struggle to justify the trust God placed in them when He sanctioned slavery.
The reform campaign of prominent ministers and church laymen featured demands to secure slave marriages and family life, repeal the laws against slave literacy, and punish cruel masters. A Consuming Fire analyzes the strength, weakness, and failure of the struggle for reform and the nature and significance of southern Christian orthodoxy and its vision of a proper social order, class structure, and race relations.
Most helpful customer reviews
22 of 30 people found the following review helpful.
Excellent source about the southern viewpoint of slavery
By A Customer
There are innumerable controversies between the vast schools of thought in American history. Perhaps one of the largest is that of slavery in the United States. Throughout their years of public education, students are taught that slavery is immoral and wrong. Eugene Genovese, on the other hand, shows the side that students are not often taught. He tells of the reasons why slavery was so strongly supported and gives his interpretations and support of slavery in his book, A Consuming Fire.
According to Genovese, the slave owners of the South didn't believe that slavery was inhumane. In fact, they believed that it was God's will that slaves be owned. Southern pastors found many Biblical passages which convinced Southerners not only to own slaves, but how to treat them and what rights to give them, or not give them. Genovese says that many slave holders were torn between politics and Christianity by saying, "The efforts to recognize slave marriage, to keep slave families intact, and to repeal the literacy laws confronted slave holders with an uncomfortable choice between their religion and their political and socioeconomic interests," (pg. 23). One of the arguments Genovese makes is that since God wants people to own slaves, He would allow them to win the war. The first few battles of the Civil War supported this side, since the Confederacy seemed to be winning against such impressive odds. Later, when the South lost the war and slavery was non-existant, the Christian South claimed that it was because they did not live according to God's commandments of being good slave owners. Genovese's work, A Consuming Fire, is an excellent portrayal of the system of slavery in Southern eyes. This book is filled with interesting facts, and the reader learns that the laws created by the Southern government were often opposed by slave owners themselves. Stated on the cover is, "The Fall of the Confederacy in the Mind of the White Christian South." Nothing better summarizes Genovese's theory than this statement.
3 of 4 people found the following review helpful.
Haunting Look at the Mind and Soul of the Slaveholders
By Kevin M. Derby
Eugene Genovese offers another excellent contribution to understanding the Old South in "A Consuming Fire." Genovese takes the slaveholders seriously instead of just condemning them and, in this work, he takes a look at their religious thought. Across all denominations, clergymen from the South defended slavery as sanctioned by God and the Bible and presented their cases articulately. They went beyond "the curse of Ham" and offered detailed accounts of how the Bible supported their views. Genovese also looks at how some slaveholders, again using the Bible and their faith, opposed harsh treatment of slaves and fought to preserve slave families and have services and churches. Genovese also shows how Southerners viewed the results of the war and how they attempted to preserve their faith in God despite the collapse of the Confederacy. If you are looking for a simple condemnation of the slaveholders, you are not going to get it from Genovese. But if you are looking to understand how a people dedicated to republican government and the Christian faith could embrace a wicked institution like slavery then you can do no better than looking at this excellent study.
4 of 8 people found the following review helpful.
Immorality as a Morally Closed System
By Herbert L Calhoun
This is an important book, not just because it is authored by the eminently esteemed Professor of History and author of the magisterial "Roll, Jordan, Roll," (still one of the best books I have ever read) Professor, Eugene D. Genovese, or for the superb research that supports the main thesis line, but also and more importantly, because of what its subtext implies about religious morality: that once a morally corrupt theology becomes a closed moral system, the sheer logic of its own inbred immorality prevents any true moral light from ever entering it. Once the logic of the immorality becomes ironclad, any opposing "truth, or true morality," creates a Cognitive Dissonance that the mind simply rejects at all cost. Such was the case with the Confederacy on the issue of slavery and white supremacy.
Convinced by the scriptural story of "Noah's curse," that white men were superior and endowed with a divine duty to be God's stewards over their darker, accursed and heathen slave brethren, there was no way to undo the moral corruption that white supremacy and slavery had become in the collective mind of the religious south. To them, both white supremacy and slavery were divine causes sanctioned in the scripture by a jealous vengeful southern God. And as a result, southerners were blocked from ever getting beyond their own religiously reinforced denial (not to mention getting beyond the denial of the more worldly fact that the economic survival of their "slave run" plantations, depended on slaves), from ever seeing slavery and white supremacy for what they were: twin incestuous but unmitigated evil and sinful institutions. Thus the South shattered the Union and marched off to war in the full belief that "their God" would smite the "Yankee infidels," and validate their claims to the morality of the enslavement of blacks and the corresponding superiority of whites.
However, as rebel war dead piled up, doubts began to seep in as to whether or not God would indeed validate the Southerners claims. However, as the ironclad logic of a closed system always dictates, the doubts that entered their minds were not doubts about questions of the immorality of slavery itself, or even about the evils of white supremacy per se, but about the sins of not being good stewards of God's trust. Thus in order to regain God's favor, the proper war time mid-course correction was reforming and strengthening, not eliminating either white supremacy or the institution of slavery: Good stewards of God's trust would improve and strengthen white paternalism and white supremacy by allowing slaves to learn to read; they would stop sexually abusing black women; and they would cease the practice of breaking up slave families: In other words, all that was required for the religiously devout southerner to get back into God's good graces, and thus turn the war to the South's favor, was to reform the slave codes and become better white supremacists.
Even at war's end, when the south was roundly and unceremoniously defeated, a majority of the religiously devout southerners still held on to the logic of the closed racist system. Even though it turns out that their God apparently had not supported their cause as they had prayed for and predicted, after all, the sons and daughters of the Confederacy nevertheless rationalized lost of the war to other scapegoats such as war-profiteers, extortioners, etc. but not to the evils of either their undying commitment to white supremacy or to the evils of slavery.
Small wonder that during the post-Reconstruction period of the "redemption," that slavery would not only be reinstituted by the more novel means of "Jim Crow," but that even after losing the shooting war, by generalizing its own bankrupt morality across the rest of the nation, the south effectively won the only battle that mattered to it, the immoral religious battle. Arguably, they did eventually make America over as "one Nation United under a savagely racist white god." And although it is somewhat of a stretch, since Hitler eschewed religion altogether (at least in the more formal sense), the template of morality used by the Confederacy is exactly the same as that used by the Nazis, or for that matter by Osama bin Laden. All three are closed corrupt immoral systems. Because it is Professor Eugene D. Genovese, Five Stars
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